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Optimization design of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine for a hybrid hydraulic excavator

Qi-huai CHEN,Qing-feng WANG,Tao WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第11期页码 957-968 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500056

摘要： A hybrid power transmission system (HPTS) is a promising way to save energy in a hydraulic excavator and the electric machine is one of the key components of the system. In this paper, a design process for permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in a hybrid hydraulic excavator (HHE) is presented based on the analysis of the working conditions and requirements of an HHE. A parameterized design approach, which combines the analytical model and the 2D finite element method (FEM), is applied to the electric machine to improve the design efficiency and accuracy. The analytical model is employed to optimize the electric machine efficiency and obtain the stator dimension and flux density distribution. The rotor is designed with the FEM to satisfy the flux requirements obtained in stator design. The rotor configuration of the PMSM employs an interior magnet structure, thus resulting in some inverse saliency, which allows for much higher values in magnetic flux density. To reduce the rotor leakage, a disconnected type silicon steel block structure is adopted. To improve the air gap flux density distribution, the trapezoid permanent magnet (PM) and centrifugal rotor structure are applied to PMSM. Demagnetization and armature reactions are also taken into consideration and calculated by the FEM. A prototype of the newly designed electric machine has been fabricated and tested on the experimental platform. The analytical design results are validated by measurements.

关键词： Analysis Design Hybrid hydraulic excavator (HHE) Finite element method (FEM) Interior permanent-magnet (PM) motor PM synchronous machine (PMSM)

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二自由度精确解耦离散复矢量永磁同步电机电流控制器 None

Meng WANG, Jia-qiang YANG, Xiang ZHANG, Chang-sheng ZHU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第4期页码 569-581 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601390

摘要：电流控制器性能对永磁同步电机驱动的影响至关重要，然而，在数字处理器中采用传统的连续域电流控制器不能使系统达到完全解耦，这使得电流控制器性能会随电机转速而变化。为提高电流控制器性能，提出一种利用精确离散复矢量模型在离散域直接设计电流控制器的方法。首先，针对变流器输出电压和电机反电势的不同特性推导出永磁同步电机的精确离散模型。然后，根据该模型设计出三阶形式精确解耦二自由度电流控制器，该控制器在配置系统闭环极点时自由度更高。针对两种不同的对消零极点位置选取方案，借助复矢量根轨迹和灵敏度函数对其抗干扰性和参数敏感度进行考察，结果表明两种方案各有优势。最后，在2.5 kW永磁同步电机实验台上验证了所提电流控制器设计方法的有效性。

关键词：永磁同步电机；离散电流控制器；复矢量

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Sensorless direct torque control for salient-pole PMSM based on extended Kalman filter fed by AC/DC/AC

F. BENCHABANE, A. TITAOUINE, O. BENNIS, K. YAHIA, D. TAIBI, A. GUETTAF

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 247-254 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0190-1

摘要： In this paper, a new sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives method with extended Kalman filter (EKF) for speed, rotor position and load torque estimation is proposed. The direct torque control (DTC) technique for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is receiving increasing attention due to the important advantages of the low dependence on motor parameters when compared with other motor control techniques. The Kalman filter is an observer for linear and non-linear systems and is based on the stochastic intromission, in others words, noise. The PMSM is fed by an indirect power electronic converter which is controlled by a sliding mode technique. The simulation tests performed for different operating conditions have confirmed the robustness of the overall system; and it is shown that the sliding mode technique has successfully minimized the different harmonics introduced by the line converter.

关键词： direct torque control (DTC) sensorless control extended Kalman filter (EKF) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) boost-rectifier

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Design and modeling of a free-piston engine generator

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 811-821 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0848-2

摘要： Free-piston engine generators (FPEGs) can be applied as decarbonized range extenders for electric vehicles because of their high thermal efficiency, low friction loss, and ultimate fuel flexibility. In this paper, a parameter-decoupling approach is proposed to model the design of an FPEG. The parameter-decoupling approach first divides the FPEG into three parts: a two-stroke engine, an integrated scavenging pump, and a linear permanent magnet synchronous machine (LPMSM). Then, each of these is designed according to predefined specifications and performance targets. Using this decoupling approach, a numerical model of the FPEG, including the three aforementioned parts, was developed. Empirical equations were adopted to design the engine and scavenging pump, while special considerations were applied for the LPMSM. A finite element model with a multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted for its design. The finite element model results were fed back to the numerical model to update the LPMSM with increased fidelity. The designed FPEG produced 10.2 kW of electric power with an overall system efficiency of 38.5% in a stable manner. The model provides a solid foundation for the manufacturing of related FPEG prototypes.

关键词： free-piston engine generator linear permanent magnet synchronous machine system design numerical model finite element method

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新型双馈变速凸极同步电机

宁玉泉

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第12期页码 27-31

摘要：

提出一种新型双馈变速凸极同步电机，阐述了它的基本原理和结构，电机的转子采用分裂磁极和正交绕组, 结构简单、可靠。转子绕组由低频交流变频电源供电，使电机具有变速恒频的特性。通过原型样机的试验，验证了该项发明的正确性和实用性，它将在大型水电、风电中得到广泛应用。

关键词：凸极同步电机变速恒频交流励磁双馈

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一种用于交流永磁同步电机位置控制的带有扩展状态观测器的快速积分滑模控制器 Research Articles

姜俊峰1,2,周晓军1,2,赵维3,李伟3,张文东4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第8期页码 1119-1266 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900298

摘要：交流永磁同步电机在位置控制中得到广泛应用。然而由于内部不确定性和外部载荷干扰，其性能经常不能满足需求。为提高交流永磁同步电机系统的控制性能，提出一种具有快速响应能力和强鲁棒性的方法。首先，设计一个改进的积分终端滑模控制器，该控制器具有快速滑模面和连续的趋近律。然后采用扩展状态观测器测量内部和外部扰动，从而用前馈补偿方式抵消干扰。与其他滑模控制算法相比，该方法响应快速，并具更强的鲁棒性抵抗系统干扰。同时，控制系统位置跟踪误差能在有限时间内收敛至0。仿真和实验结果表明，该方法具有快速响应和强鲁棒性，并保证高精度控制。

关键词：交流永磁同步电机；滑模控制器；扩张状态观测器；鲁棒控制；运动控制

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基于改进级联观测器的永磁同步电机智能分数阶积分滑模控制 Research Articles

肖玲斐1,2,马磊明3,黄欣浩1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第2期页码 328-338 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000317

摘要：提出一种基于改进级联观测器的智能分数阶积分滑模控制（FOISMC）策略。首先，针对永磁同步电机设计了分数阶积分滑模控制器，该控制器有良好跟踪性能，具有强鲁棒性，且能有效削弱抖振。所提策略结合了积分能消除稳态跟踪误差和分数阶微积分灵活的优点。其次，提出一种改进的级联观测器，能获得较小的转子信息观测误差。所设计级联观测器结合了自适应滑模观测器和扩展高增益观测器。此外，利用改进的变速灰狼优化算法优化控制器参数。最后，在综合考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰的情况下，通过仿真和实验验证了所提策略的有效性。

关键词：永磁同步电机；分数阶积分滑模；优化算法；无传感器控制；观测器

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一种融合多特征聚类与神经网络的PM_2.5小时浓度预测新模型及其在中国城市的应用 Article

刘辉, 龙治豪, 段铸, 施惠鹏

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 944-956 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.009

摘要：

PM_2.5浓度预测对空气污染物早期预警具有重要意义。本文提出一种改进的PM_2.5浓度多步预测模型，即多特征聚类分解(MCD)-回声状态网络(ESN)-粒子群优化(PSO)混合模型。该模型包括分解预测部分和优化预测部分。在MCD方法中，采用RSAR算法选择重要的空气污染物变量，使用KC算法对所得变量进行聚类，利用EWT算法将PM_2.5浓度序列的聚类结果分解为多个子层。利用我国4个不同城市的真实PM_2.5浓度数据，验证了所提出模型的有效性。实验结果表明，所提出预测模型适用于PM_2.5浓度的多步高精度预测，具有比基准模型更优的预测性能。

关键词： PM_2.52.5浓度预测 PM_2.52.5浓度聚类经验小波分解多步预测

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Diverse bacterial populations of PM in urban and suburb Shanghai, China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1329-7

摘要：

• Urban aerosols harbour diverse bacterial communities in Shanghai.

关键词： PM_2.5 Bacteria 16S rRNA SEM analysis Shanghai City

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Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 240-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0936-z

摘要： Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

关键词： glioma progression molecular classification EM/PM subtyping intratumor heterogeneity

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Temporal variation of PM-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang, Hebei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1376-0

摘要：

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017.

关键词： PM_2.5 Health effects Integrated exposure-response model Shijiazhuang

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抗白粉病基因 Pm40 在我国“后 Pm21 时代”小麦育种中的重要作用 Perspective

唐圣雯,胡玉亭,钟胜福,罗培高

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

摘要： 20 世纪80 年代，通过簇毛麦（Heuchera villosa）的6VS 染色体与小麦6AL 染色体易位将抗白粉病基因Pm21 转移到普通小麦中。最近，在一些地方发现了对Pm21 有毒的Bgt，虽然这些菌株的病理学特性还有待研究，但这一现象提醒小麦育种者应注意应用Pm21 的风险。通过细胞学研究，并未在Pm40 的载体品种中发现大片段外缘染色体。过去几年的研究发现，Pm40 的载体品种具有优良的农艺性状。因此，我们相信在未来的育种工程中，Pm40 将会在Pm21 的抗性被克服之后起巨大的作用。另外，Pm21 和Pm40 都来源于外缘物种，这暗示着外源基因的抗性可能比小麦本身的基因更为持久和有效。

关键词：小麦白粉病 Pm21 Pm40 外源基因内源抗性

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Modeling and control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to standalone wind energy

Louar FATEH,Ouari AHMED,Omeiri AMAR,Djellad ABDELHAK,Bouras LAKHDAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 155-163 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0410-1

摘要： The interest for the use of renewable energies has increased, because of the increasing concerns of the environmental problems. Among renewable energies, wind energy is now widely used. Wind turbines based on an asynchronous generator with a wound rotor present the inconvenience of requiring a system of rings and brooms and a multiplier, inferring significant costs of maintenance. To limit these inconveniences, certain manufacturers developed wind turbines based on synchronous machines with large number of pairs of poles coupled directly with the turbine, avoiding using the multiplier. If the generator is equipped with permanent magnets, the system of rings and brooms is eliminated. The control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can be affected with the implementation of various techniques of control. This paper presented a new approach mainly based on the control strategy of power production system based on the PMSG. In fact, a mathematical model that simulates the Matlab chain was established with the introduction of control techniques, such as direct control of the torque (DTC) to control the load side converter (LSC), the control of the speed of the turbine and the DC-bus voltage ensured by PI regulators. To show the performance of the correctors used, some simulation results of the system were presented and analyzed.

关键词： wind turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) converter proportional-integral (PI) control direct control of the torque (DTC) regulation